2.
INTOXICATIONS
1.
Food poisoning
2.
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
3. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)
1.
Food poisoning: (Enterotoxin)
•Enterotoxin is responsible for manifestations of staphylococcal
food poisoning
•Nine types of
enterotoxin are currently known, named A, B, C1-3, D, E, H & I.
•It usually occurs when
preformed toxin is ingested with contaminated food-
•The toxin acts directly
on the autonomic nervous system to
cause the illness, rather than gut mucosa.
• Type A toxin commonly
implicated
• Toxin very potent - Microgram
amounts cause illness
•Source of infection- food handler who is a carrier.
•Incubation period- 2 to 6 hours.
•Clinical symptoms-
nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea etc.
• Post-antibiotic
diarrhea can be caused by enterotoxin forming Staphylococci
•The illness is usually self limited, with recovery in a day or
so.
2)
Staphylococcal Toxic shock syndrome (STSS):
•Infection by TSST (Toxic shock syndrome toxin/ (formerly known as enterotoxin
type F)) produced by S.aureus.
•It is fatal multisystem
disease presenting with fever, hypotension, myalgia, vomiting, diarrhoea,
mucosal hyperemia and erythematous rash which desquamates subsequently.
• Wide outbreaks in
menstruating women using vaginal tampons- in 1980’s
• Tampon-related TSS now
rare, but occurs in other infections of the skin., mucosa, and some surgical
wounds
3)
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS):
•Exfoliative toxin (ET)
produced by S. aureus is responsible
for Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)
•It is a skin disease in
which outer layer of epidermis gets separated from the underlying tissues
• Severe form in
newborns- Ritter’s disease; in older patients-toxic epidermal necrolysis
• Milder forms in newborns-- pemphigus neonatarum and in older patients - bullous impetigo
(Contd..)
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